James Smalls

engaging in homosexuality without philosophical justification

Hadrian himself admired Greek culture so much that he grew a beard in emulation of Greek philosophers.

The pottery, graffiti, and mural art discovered at Pompeii provide some evidence that there was indeed a visible homosexual subculture.

Phalluses were most frequently found on herms or rectangular pillars surmounted by a human head and intended to ward off evil and bring prosperity.

I am very distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan; very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love was wonderful, passing the love of women.” (2 Samuel 1: 19-26)

Sodomites are sentenced to run naked over burning sand and under a steady rain of fire – a punishment reminiscent of the biblical destruction of Sodom itself.

The former was coined and first put into use by the German–Hungarian writer and translator Karl Maria Kertbeny (1824–1882).

The homoerotic, unlike the homosexual, legitimates erotic desire between members of the same sex by placing that sentiment in a context which rationalizes it—such as classicism, military battle, athletic activities, etc).

Male homosociality refers to all-male groups or environments and is a means by which men construct their identities and consolidate their privilege and social power as males usually through and at the expense of women

Any attempt to fit male representations in ancient art or texts with the status or practices of modern-day homosexuals would be anachronistic.