Louis Althusser

Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays

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  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    terpellated as a (free) subject in order that he shall submit freely to the commandments of the Subject, i.e. in order that he shall (freely) accept his subjection,
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    ndividuals are always
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    the ideological character of ideology by ideology: ideology never says, ‘I am ideological.’ It is necessary to be outside ideology, i.e. in scientific knowledge, to be able to say: I am in ideology (a quite exceptional case) or (the general case): I was in ideo
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    I might add: what thus seems to take place outside ideology (to be precise, in the street), in reality takes place in ideology.
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    I shall then suggest that ideology ‘acts’ or ‘functions’ in such a way that it ‘recruits’ subjects among the individuals (it recruits them all), or ‘transforms’ the individuals into subjects (it transforms them all) by that very precise operation which I have called interpellation or hailing, and which can be imagined along the lines of the most commonplace everyday police (or other) hailing: ‘Hey, you there!’
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    As a first formulation I shall say: all ideology hails or interpellates concrete individuals as concrete subjects, by the functioning of the category of the subject.
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    But to recognize that we are subjects and that we function in the practical rituals of the most elementary everyday life (the hand-shake, the fact of calling you by your name, the fact of knowing, even if I do not know what it is, that you ‘have’ a name of your own, which means that you are recognized as a unique subject, etc.)—this recognition only gives us the ‘consciousness’ of our incessant (eternal) practice of ideological recognition—its consciousness, i.e. its recognition—but in no sense does it give us the (scientific) knowledge of the mechanism of this recognition.
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    . Meaning, there is no ideology except for concrete subjects, and this destination for ideology is only made possible by the subject: meaning, by the category of the subject and its functioning.
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    • there is no practice except by and in an ideology;
    • there is no ideology except by the subject and for subjects. I can now come to my central thesis.
  • jesse zhas quoted6 years ago
    t his ideas are his material actions inserted into material practices governed by material rituals which are themselves defined by the material ideological apparatus from which derive the ideas of that subject.
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