Earth receives energy from the sun in the form of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared radiation. Of the total amount of solar energy available at the top of the atmosphere, some is reflected to space by the atmosphere and clouds and some absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. Most of the rest is absorbed at the surface of the Earth. And this has been happening from the beginning of time. But here’s the difference greenhouse gases make. Because it is warm, the Earth’s surface radiates at wavelengths much longer than the wavelengths that were absorbed. The long-wavelength infrared heat that is trying to escape to space is more absorbent by greenhouse gases and is reflected back towards Earth and trapped by the atmosphere, thereby warming it.