aw that he was correct in saying that this was our greatest advance so far, in a philosophical as well as a practical sense. For, in a certain sense, man’s scientific progress has been progress in the wrong direction. Take the matter of the Karatepe diggings; we had been treating it purely as a mechanical problem, how to raise a city from underneath a billion tons of earth, and this reliance on machines meant that we were ceasing to treat the human mind as an essential element in the operation. And the more this same human mind produces labour-saving machines, the more it blinds itself to its own possibilities, the more it tends to regard itself as a passive ‘reasoning machine’. Man’s scientific achievement over the past centuries had only thrust man deeper and deeper into a view of himself as a passive creature.