Artificial Intelligence

the human experts writing the rules actually rely on subconscious knowledge—what you might call common sense—in order to act intelligently.

to achieve artificial intelligence, language-like symbols and the rules that govern symbol processing cannot be programmed directly, as was done in the General Problem Solver, but must emerge from neural-like architectures similar to the way that intelligent symbol processing emerges from the brain.

all of its “knowledge” is encoded in the numbers making up its weights and threshold.

deep learning (or deep neural networks)—has risen above the anarchy to become the dominant AI paradigm.

On the practical side

On the scientific side,

“the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be in principle so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.”4