BOKASHI COMPOSTING AT ITS SIMPLEST IS USING MICROORGANISMS to anaerobically ferment organic matter in an acidic environment so it can then be rapidly assimilated into the soil by the soil biota. Bokashi composting is really a fermentation process, not a composting process. By definition, composting is an aerobic process that requires oxygen to properly compost (break down) organic matter. In traditional composting, anaerobic composting is bad and results in unfavorable by-products. With bokashi you can ferment food waste anaerobically and avoid unfavorable by-products by using a specifically selected group of microorganisms that neutralize harmful bacteria and encourage the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.