In “A Treatise upon the Small-Pox,” Richard Blackmore offers a groundbreaking examination of one of the era's most feared diseases, delivering a comprehensive analysis of smallpox through a medical, historical, and philosophical lens. This work blends empirical observations with his literary flair, reflecting the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and scientific inquiry. Blackmore, who emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence, meticulously investigates the symptoms, causes, and treatments of smallpox, situating his narrative within the broader context of 17th-century medical debates and evolving public health ideologies. Richard Blackmore, a physician and poet, was deeply influenced by the scientific advancements of his time and his experiences in the medical field. His dual career illuminates his ability to weave scientific rigor with poetic eloquence, making complex medical concepts accessible to a broader audience. Blackmore's background and expertise inform his arguments against superstitions and unproven remedies, as he advocates for vaccination and rational treatments, positioning himself as a forward-thinking voice in medicine. This treatise is indispensable for historians of medicine and any interested reader seeking to understand the socio-medical landscape of smallpox in the 17th century. Blackmore's insights remain pertinent, echoing modern-day discussions on public health and vaccination, making this book a vital addition to the library of anyone interested in the evolution of medical thought.