But weighting companies based on how cheap they appear relative to sales, book value, an average of the last several years of earnings, or other factors would also be perfectly valid methods. For what we’ll call our value-weighted index, the cheaper a company appears, the more we’ll own of it. In this way, maybe we’ll be able to create an index that is systematically over weighted in companies where expectations are low and where there is a good possibility that an emotional Mr. Market has sold the shares down to bargain levels.”